Antihistamines for Dog Allergies - Types, Symptoms and Treatment [GUIDE]

Have you ever looked at your furry friend with droopy eyes and felt guilty? You love your dog, but their allergies make them miserable, and you just want to help.

Let's face it, pet allergies can be a real struggle for both you and your canine companion, especially when seasons change. However, there are ways to manage and ease the discomfort of seasonal dog allergies.

A recent study published on Feb 13, 2024, on the NIH website, the prevalence of skin issues in dogs across 52 veterinary practices in the US. Here, 31,484 dogs were assessed, and 4.7% were diagnosed with atopic or allergic dermatitis, specifically attributed to atopy. [source]

This highlights the significant impact of allergic skin conditions on canines and the need for effective diagnosis and treatment options.

This comprehensive guide sheds light on the complexities of dog allergies and antihistamines. We'll dive into the different types of allergies, explore diagnostic methods, and unpack the world of antihistamines – their effectiveness, potential side effects, and how to administer them safely.

What Are Dog Allergies?

Dog allergies occur when a dog's immune system overreacts to substances in their environment, food, or even flea saliva. These substances are known as allergens. 

However, recognizing and understanding dog allergies is vital. Without proper identification and treatment, your dog may suffer from chronic discomfort, leading to more severe health issues over time. Awareness can also help prevent unnecessary treatments and expenses.

Types of Dog Allergies, Causes, and Their Symptoms 

Type of Allergy	Causes	Common Triggers	Symptoms	Prevention/Treatment
Environmental Allergies	Allergies are caused by airborne substances that a dog inhales or comes into contact with.	Pollen, mold, dust mites	Itchiness, redness, swelling, watery eyes, sneezing, paw chewing	Regular cleaning, air purifiers, antihistamines, avoiding outdoor exposure during peak allergy seasons
Food Allergies	Allergic reactions are triggered by specific ingredients in a dog's diet.	Beef, chicken, dairy, wheat, soy	Digestive issues (vomiting, diarrhea), itchiness, chronic ear infections, paw licking, skin infections	Elimination diets, hypoallergenic diets, switching protein sources
Flea Allergies	Allergic reactions to flea bites, specifically to proteins in flea saliva.	Flea bites	Intense itching, redness, hair loss, hot spots, scabs, flea dirt on the skin	Regular flea prevention medicines(topical or oral), frequent grooming, environmental flea control
Contact Allergies	Allergies are caused by direct contact with certain substances.	Household cleaners, certain plants, fabrics, grooming products	Redness, itchiness, hives, swelling, hair loss in areas of contact, paw chewing	Identifying and avoiding allergens, washing bedding and toys regularly, using hypoallergenic grooming products
Seasonal Allergies	Allergies that occur at specific times of the year are often related to the blooming of certain plants or increased pollen levels.	Tree pollen (spring), grass pollen (summer), weed pollen (fall)	Itchiness, watery eyes, sneezing, paw licking, ear infections	Limiting outdoor exposure during peak seasons, regular bathing, antihistamines, using air purifiers

How to Diagnose Dog Allergies

Accurate diagnosis of dog allergies involves a combination of professional veterinary consultations and careful at-home observations. Understanding and identifying the specific triggers are required for effective treatment and management.

Veterinary Consultation

Getting a professional diagnosis for your dog’s allergies is essential. Veterinarians can accurately identify the type of allergy and recommend effective treatments. Misdiagnosing or treating allergies without proper guidance can lead to prolonged discomfort and more severe health issues for your pet. 

Common allergy testing methods by veterinarians : 

• Physical Examination

During a veterinary consultation, the veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination. It includes checking for signs of irritation, inflammation, and any secondary infections caused by scratching or licking. The vet may also inquire about your dog’s medical history and any changes in behavior or diet.

• Skin Tests

Intradermal skin testing involves injecting small amounts of common allergens into the skin to observe reactions. This method is highly accurate for identifying environmental allergens.

• Blood Tests

Blood tests, such as the RAST (radioallergosorbent test) or ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), measure the level of allergen-specific antibodies in the blood. These tests are useful for identifying both environmental and food allergies.

At-Home Observations

Monitoring your dog's symptoms and environment at home can provide valuable insights into potential allergy triggers. Detailed observations can significantly aid your veterinarian in making an accurate diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan.

• Keeping a Symptom Diary

Maintaining a symptom diary can be invaluable. Note the frequency, duration, and severity of your dog’s symptoms. Include details such as changes in diet, new products used, and environmental factors. This information can help the veterinarian to diagnose accurately and identify potential triggers.

• Identifying Potential Triggers

Pay attention to when and where your dog’s symptoms occur. Do they worsen after eating certain foods or during specific seasons? Are there new household products or plants in your home? Identifying these patterns can help narrow potential allergens and improve your dog’s treatment plan.

Combining thorough veterinary consultations with diligent at-home observations can significantly enhance your dog's allergy management plan, helping to quickly alleviate discomfort and improve their quality of life.

Dog Allergies Treatment Types

Treating dog allergies involves various approaches, each tailored to the specific type and severity of the allergy. Understanding these options helps in making informed decisions for your pet’s health.

Conventional Treatments for Dog Allergies

Conventional Treatments	Description	Dosage and Administration	Potential Side Effects
Antihistamines	Medications that counteract histamines to relieve allergy symptoms.	Based on weight and severity	Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention
Corticosteroids	Anti-inflammatory drugs are used for severe allergy symptoms.	Short-term high dose, tapering for long-term use	Increased thirst/appetite, weight gain, immune suppression
Immunotherapy	Treatments that gradually desensitize the dog to specific allergens.	Custom schedule based on allergens	Mild irritation at injection site, rare anaphylactic reactions

Natural Remedies for Dog Allergies

Natural remedies offer alternative options to conventional treatments. It includes:

• Herbal antihistamines, such as quercetin, can help reduce allergy symptoms. 
• Dietary changes, including the addition of omega-3 fatty acids and hypoallergenic diets, support overall health and reduce inflammation. 
• Bathing and topical treatments, like oatmeal baths and aloe vera, prevent itchiness and skin irritation. 

These natural approaches can be used alone or alongside traditional treatments for a more comprehensive allergy management plan.

What Are Antihistamines?

Antihistamines are medications that counteract the effects of histamines, chemicals released by the immune system during an allergic reaction. These medications help alleviate allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors in the body.

How Antihistamines Work?

When an allergen triggers an immune response, histamines are released, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and redness. Antihistamines prevent histamines from binding to their receptors, eventually reducing these symptoms and providing relief.

Different Types of Antihistamines Used in Dogs

Several types of antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergies in dogs:

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Often used for mild to moderate allergy symptoms.

Cetirizine Hydrochloride: Cetirizine is an antihistamine used to treat dogs' allergy symptoms, including itching, sneezing, and hives. It is known for causing minimal drowsiness compared to other antihistamines, making it a convenient option.

Loratadine (Claritin): Another option that typically causes fewer side effects like drowsiness.

Apoquel (oclacitinib) : Apoquel is a targeted medication that controls itching and inflammation associated with allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis in dogs. It is known for its rapid relief and effectiveness in managing severe allergy symptoms.

While these are some antihistamines, there are many more options available at Hardy Paw like Anti-Bacterial Shampoo For Dogs, Seasonal Allergy Defense for Dogs, Daily Antioxidant and Nutritional Supplements for Dogs, etc.

 

Recommended Dosage of Antihistamines for Dogs

The dosage of antihistamines for dogs varies depending on the type of medication and the dog's weight. For example, Cetirizine is typically given at 0.5 mg per pound once daily. Always consult your veterinarian for precise dosing instructions.

Factors Affecting Antihistamines Dosage 

Several factors can influence the appropriate dosage of antihistamines for your dog:

• Weight: Larger dogs require higher doses than smaller dogs.
• Age: Puppies and older dogs may need adjusted dosages.
• Severity of Symptoms: Dogs with severe allergy symptoms may need higher doses or more frequent administration.

How to Administer Antihistamines to Your Dog at Home

When administering antihistamines to your dog:

• Follow Vet Instructions: Always adhere to the dosage and frequency recommended by your veterinarian.
• Mix with Food: To make it easier for your dog to take the medication, mix the antihistamine with a small amount of food or a treat.
• Monitor for Side Effects: Watch for any adverse reactions, such as excessive drowsiness or gastrointestinal issues, and report them to your vet.

Antihistamines - Side Effects and Precautions

While antihistamines are generally safe for dogs, they can cause some common side effects. These may include:

• Drowsiness: Many antihistamines can cause sedation, making your dog appear less active.
• Dry Mouth: Antihistamines can reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. This can cause your dog to drink more water than usual.

Rare but Serious Side Effects of Antihistamines

Though uncommon, some dogs may experience more serious side effects from antihistamines:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite can occur in some dogs.
• Allergic Reactions: Ironically, in rare cases, a dog might have an allergic reaction to the antihistamine itself, resulting in symptoms like swelling, difficulty breathing, or severe itching.
• Cardiovascular Effects: Some antihistamines may cause an increased heart rate or blood pressure changes in certain dogs.

When to Avoid Antihistamines for Dogs

There are specific situations where antihistamines should be avoided:

• Pre-existing Conditions: Dogs with certain medical conditions, such as glaucoma, high blood pressure, or cardiovascular disease, may be at higher risk for adverse effects.
• Pregnancy and Nursing: Antihistamines can affect fetal development or be passed through breast milk, potentially harming puppies.
• Drug Interactions: Antihistamines can interact with other medications your dog may be taking, including sedatives, tranquilizers, and certain antidepressants. Always consult your veterinarian before starting antihistamines if your dog is on other medications.

Preventing Allergic Reactions in Dogs

Here, we discuss how to prevent environmental and dietary dog allergies effectively. Have a look!

Category	Strategy	Details
Environmental Control	Reducing Exposure to Allergens	- Air Purifiers: Use HEPA filters to remove allergens from the air. - Regular Cleaning: Vacuum, dust, and wash bedding/toys frequently.
	Outdoor Precautions	- Wiping Paws: Clean paws with a damp cloth after outdoor activities. - Bathing After Exposure: Regular baths to wash away allergens.
Dietary Management	Hypoallergenic Diets	Feed diets with novel protein sources and limited ingredients to minimize allergens.
	Avoiding Common Allergens	Identify and avoid common food allergens such as beef, chicken, dairy, and wheat.
	Supplementing with Omega-3 Fatty Acids	Add fish oil or flaxseed oil to the diet for anti-inflammatory benefits.
Regular Veterinary Checkups	Importance of Ongoing Care	Regular checkups for continuous monitoring and early detection of new symptoms.
	Adjusting Treatments as Needed	Adjust treatment plans based on changes in your dog's condition, including medications and dosages.

Expert Insights

Dr. Victoria Phillips, a veterinary surgeon manager at Dogs Trust, shares 10 tips with BBC Science Focus Magazine to help your dog beat the heat:

• Walk your dog during cooler hours.
• Use a harness instead of a collar.
• Be aware of heat stress and stroke symptoms.
• Protect their paws.
• Provide water-based relief.
• Never leave your dog in a hot car.
• Offer a damp towel to lie on.
• Trim their hair.
• Be mindful of car journeys.
• Keep them well-groomed.

Users' Opinions on Dog Allergies

Dog owners have shared several experiences and solutions for managing their pets' allergies. Here are some common opinions and approaches that have surfaced from user discussions:

Medications

Apoquel and Cytopoint are frequently mentioned by many dog lovers as effective treatments for reducing itching and inflammation. Apoquel, in particular, has received positive feedback for significantly improving dogs' quality of life without severe side effects.

However, some users remain cautious about long-term use due to potential side effects. Cytopoint is often recommended in combination with Apoquel for enhanced relief. (Reddit)

Topical Treatments and Bathing

Regular bathing with medicated shampoos is a key practice for managing dog allergies. Shampoos containing ingredients like chlorhexidine, Malaseb, and Duoxo spray are popular choices among pet owners.

Keeping the dog's hair shorter and using sprays on hot spots can also provide significant relief from itching (Reddit) (Reddit).

Environmental Management

Managing the dog's environment to reduce allergen exposure is another critical approach. Regularly wiping down the dog after walks, vacuuming carpets, and washing bedding frequently can help minimize allergens.

Some users also recommend using dog socks or goggles, though training may be needed to ensure the dog accepts these items (Reddit).

Myths and Facts Related to Dog Allergies & their Treatment

There are many misconceptions about dog allergies and their treatments. Understanding the truth behind these myths can help you make better-informed decisions for your pet's health. Here, we discussed some common myths and facts:

Myths	Facts
Only certain breeds suffer from allergies.	Any dog, regardless of breed, can develop allergies. Some breeds may be more predisposed, but all dogs are susceptible.
Dogs are only allergic to food.	Dogs can be allergic to several substances, including pollen, dust mites, mold, and flea saliva.
Antihistamines cure allergies.	Antihistamines help manage symptoms but do not cure allergies. They are part of a broader treatment plan.
Natural remedies are always safer and more effective.	While natural remedies can be beneficial, they are only sometimes safer or more effective than conventional treatments.

Final Thoughts 

All in all, dog allergies can cause significant discomfort, but with proper understanding and management, you can help your furry friend live a happier, itch-free life. Identifying the type of allergy and using treatments like antihistamines, dietary adjustments, environmental controls, and regular veterinary care are key to effective relief.

Stay informed and work closely with your vet to ensure your dog’s health and well-being. For high-quality, natural pet products to help manage your dog’s allergies, visit Hardy Paw and explore their range of effective pet products. Your pet deserves the best care, and Hardy Paw has everything you need to keep them healthy and comfortable.

Key Takeaways

• Common Types of Dog Allergies:

• Environmental Allergies: Caused by airborne substances like pollen, mold, and dust mites. Symptoms include itchiness, redness, and swelling.
• Food Allergies: Triggered by ingredients such as beef, chicken, dairy, and wheat. Symptoms include digestive issues, itchiness, and chronic ear infections.
• Flea Allergies: Occur as reactions to flea bites, causing intense itching, redness, and hair loss.
• Contact Allergies: Caused by direct contact with substances like household cleaners and certain plants. Symptoms include redness, hives, and swelling.
• Diagnosis Methods: Involves professional veterinary consultations, physical examinations, and allergy testing methods such as skin tests, and blood tests. At-home observations and symptom diaries are also crucial.

• Treatment Options:

• Conventional Treatments: Includes antihistamines for dogs (Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Loratadine), corticosteroids, and immunotherapy.
• Natural Remedies: Herbal antihistamines, dietary changes with omega-3 fatty acids, and topical treatments like oatmeal baths.
• Understanding Antihistamines: These medications counteract the effects of histamines, providing relief from symptoms like itching, swelling, and redness.
• Administration Tips: Always follow vet instructions, mix medication with food for easier consumption, and monitor for side effects like drowsiness and gastrointestinal issues.
• Preventing Allergic Reactions: Use air purifiers, regular cleaning, hypoallergenic diets, and supplements. Regular veterinary checkups are essential for ongoing care.
• Expert Insights: Tips for managing dog allergies include walking dogs during cooler hours, using a harness, providing water-based relief, and never leaving a dog in a hot car.
• Myths and Facts: Common myths include the belief that only certain breeds suffer from allergies or that antihistamines cure allergies. In reality, any dog can develop allergies, and antihistamines only manage symptoms.
• Statistics: Dog allergens are present in almost all US homes, even those without pets

Popular Queries Dog Lovers Have

1. Can Dogs Outgrow Allergies?

While some dogs may see a reduction in allergy symptoms as they age, most dogs do not outgrow their allergies. Allergies in dogs can persist throughout their lives and may even worsen over time. Consistent management and treatment are essential to keeping symptoms under control.

2. Are There Any Long-Term Effects of Antihistamines?

Long-term use of antihistamines in dogs is generally considered safe when administered under veterinary guidance. However, prolonged use may lead to tolerance, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Additionally, side effects such as drowsiness or dry mouth can persist. Regular veterinary checkups are essential to monitor your dog's response and adjust treatment as necessary.

3. How to Choose the Best Antihistamine for Your Dog?

Choosing the best antihistamine for your dog involves considering factors like:

• The severity of symptoms,
• The dog's overall health, and
• Any concurrent medications.

Veterinarians typically recommend starting with antihistamines like cetirizine or chlorpheniramine, as they are well-tolerated and effective for many dogs. Always seek your veterinarian’s advice to find the most appropriate option for your pet.

4. What are the long-term effects of untreated dog allergies?

Untreated dog allergies can lead to chronic discomfort, skin infections, ear infections, and secondary health issues like bacterial or yeast infections from excessive scratching. Long-term inflammation can also weaken your dog’s immune system, making them more susceptible to other illnesses. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for your dog’s health and well-being.

 5. How can I tell if my dog’s symptoms are from allergies or another condition?

Allergy symptoms like itching, redness, and chronic ear infections can overlap with other conditions. A veterinary consultation, including a physical examination and allergy testing, is essential to accurately diagnose the cause of your dog’s symptoms and rule out other conditions such as infections or parasites.

6. Can environmental changes at home help reduce dog allergies? 

Yes, environmental changes can help reduce dog allergies. Use HEPA air purifiers, vacuum frequently with a vacuum that has a HEPA filter, wash your dog’s bedding and toys regularly, and avoid using harsh cleaning products. Minimizing dust and mold in the home can also reduce allergen exposure. 

7. How can I manage seasonal allergies in my dog?

Managing seasonal allergies involves reducing your dog’s exposure to allergens. Use air purifiers, bathe your dog regularly to remove pollen, wipe their paws after outdoor activities, and limit outdoor time during peak pollen periods. Consider antihistamines or other medications as prescribed by your veterinarian.

 8. Are there any alternative treatments for dog allergies?

Alternative treatments include herbal supplements for dogs like quercetin, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and topical treatments such as oatmeal baths or aloe vera. These can be used alongside conventional treatments to provide additional relief and support your dog’s overall health. 

 9. Can dog allergies change with age?

Yes, dog allergies can change with age. Puppies may develop allergies as their immune systems mature, while older dogs can experience new allergies due to changes in their environment or health. Regular veterinary checkups help monitor and manage these changes effectively.

10. How can diet impact dog allergies?

Diet plays a crucial role in managing dog allergies. Hypoallergenic diets with novel protein sources or limited ingredients can reduce allergic reactions. Adding omega-3 fatty acids can also help reduce inflammation and improve skin health.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874193/

https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/keep-your-dogs-safe-and-happy-during-a-heatwave

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5PHANcdA_E

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/pets

https://firstvet.com/uk/articles/author/dr-victoria-phillips